Catheter Ablation in Arrhythmic Cardiac Diseases: Endocardial and Epicardial Ablation

Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a group of arrhythmogenic disorders the myocardium that are not caused by ischemic, hypertensive, or valvular heart disease. The clinical manifestations ACMs may overlap those dilated cardiomyopathy, complicating differential diagnosis. In several ACMs, ventricular tachycardia (VT) has been observed at an early stage, regardless severity Therefore, preventing recurrences VT can be challenge. There wide range efficacy and side effects associated with use antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) in treatment VT. addition to AADs, patients ACM tachyarrhythmias benefit from catheter ablation, especially if they drug-refractory. differences pathogenesis between various types lead heterogeneous distributions substrates, non-uniform ablation strategies, distinct outcomes. Ablation documented effective eliminating right dysplasia (ARVC), sarcoidosis, Chagas Brugada syndrome (BrS). As entity rare nature, for certain forms only reported through case reports, such as amyloidosis left noncompaction. Several including ARVC, BrS, noncompaction, exhibit diseased substrates within adjacent epicardium accountable arrhythmogenesis. result, combining endocardial epicardial importance successful ablation. purpose this article provide comprehensive overview substrate characteristics, outcomes using approaches.